Medan Grand Mosque or Al - Mashun Grand Mosque is a mosque located in the city of Medan, Indonesia This mosque was designed by a Dutch architect, with ornaments that adopted Indian, Spanish, Middle Eastern culture, and mixed and matched with Malay culture. This mosque was built during the reign of Sultan Ma'mun Alrasyid Perkasa Alam from the Melayu Deli sultanate in 1906 and was completed in 1909.

𝘽𝙖𝙩𝙩𝙡𝙚 𝙙𝙚𝙩𝙖𝙞𝙡𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙚𝙣𝙨𝙪𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙖𝙛𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙢𝙖𝙩𝙝 👇 The Second Battle of Kosovo (Turkish: İkinci Kosova Muharebesi) was a land battle between a Hungarian-led Crusader army and Ottoman Sultanate at Kosovo field during 17–20 October 1448. Ottoman army under the command of Sultan Murad II defeated the Crusader army of regent John Hunyadi. The Christian Balkan states were simply incapable to resist the Ottoman forces after this defeat leading to annexation of Wallachia. Murad II was succeeded by his son Mehmed II who further expanded the Ottoman state by finally capturing Constantinople in 1453. This transformed the Ottoman state into a global power and had military power far superior than any contemporary European state. The list of belligerents is posted in comments #kosovo #crusade #military #europe #balkan

MAMLUK SULTANATE The Mamluk Sultanate was a state that ruled Egypt, the Levant and the Hejaz from the mid-13th to early 16th centuries. The Mamluks formed one of the most powerful and wealthiest empires of the time, lasting from 1250 to 1517 in Egypt, North Africa, and the Levant. The term 'Mamluk Sultanate' is a modern historiographical term. Arabic sources for the period of the Bahri Mamluks refer to the dynasty as the 'State of the Turks' (Dawlat al-Atrak or Dawlat al-Turk) or 'State of Turkey' (al-Dawla al-Turkiyya).

16 May 1926, on this day, last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Mehmed VI Vahideddin died. Mehmed VI Vahideddin (born 14 January 1861) was the 36th and last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, reigning from 4 July 1918 until 1 November, 1922 when the Ottoman Empire was dissolved after World War I, and was replaced by the Republic of Turkey, on 29 October 1923. The brother of Mehmed V, he became heir to the throne in 1916 after the suicide of Abdülaziz's son, Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin, as the eldest male member of the House of Osman. He acceded to the throne after the death of Mehmed V. He was girded with the Sword of Osman on 4 July 1918, as the thirty-sixth padishah. His father was Sultan Abdulmejid I and his mother was Gülüstü Hanım (1830 – 1865.) She was an ethnic Abkhazian, daughter of Prince Tahir Bey Çaçba and his wife Afişe Lakerba, who was originally named Fatma Çaçba. Mehmed stepped down when the Ottoman Sultanate was abolished in 1922, and the Republic of Turkey was created, with Mustafa Kemal Atatürk as the first President. Photo- Grave of Ottoman Sultan Mehmed VI Vahideddin in Damascus

In 1164AD, Salah ud Din Ayubi officially became a state employee of the Ismaili Fatimid Empire. He rose up the ranks owing to his charisma and military successes against Crusaders. Salah ud, as a Sunni Muslim began to undermine Fatimid regime by feigning loyalty. He managed to get the rank of a Vizer. After the death of Al-Adid in 1171AD, Salah ud Din Ayubi abolished the Cairo based Fatimid state and established Ayubbid Sultanate with himself as the First Sultan. This shows that Salah ud Din Ayubi was indeed a man who possessed cunningness and also employed deception to achieve his goal of realigning Egypt with the Sunni based Abbasid Caliphate. The force behind Sultan Salah ud Din Ayubi Hazretleri was Sayyidina Abdul Qadir Jillani (رحمه الله تعالی) the leader of all Awliyah, Imam of all Orthodox Sunnis, and the 13th direct descendant of the Fifth Rightly Guided Caliph Sayyidina Imam Hassan ibn Ali رضي الله عنهم. Source: "Saladin" Longman

Ottoman Empire Sultanate-i-Osmania troops stationed outside Masjid-i-al-Aqsa, 1915. #AlAqsa #AlAqsaUnderAttack #ottomanempire #baitulmaqdis #Palestine #HistoryHour #historyhoursocial

Naqib al-ashraf ( نقيب الأشراف) was an important governmental post in various different Islamic states like Mamluk and Ottoman Sultanates. The holder of this post was a member of Sayyids or Ashraf class which denoted the rank of supervisor of descendants of Prince of all Prophets, Muhammad ﷺ . The descendants of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ were popularly known as Ashraf and throughout Islamic history. Both Shia and Sunni Sayyids in Ottoman state were accorded special privileges, including personal inviolability, certain tax exemptions and immunity from regular prosecution. In the event of a legal complaint against a member of the Ashraf, Naqib al-ashraf would prosecute and judge alleged offender. This was done to ensure their special place in Muslim society & thus maintain their socio-political privileges to honor them as they were considered a living link to the Noble Prophet ﷺ. Source: The Ottoman State and Descendants of the Prophet ﷺ in Anatolia and Balkans (1500-1700 AD) by the author Hülya Canbaka #prophetmuhammad #sayyid #Muhammad

#OnThisDay Salāḥ ud-Dīn al-Ayyūbī left this world. Sultān Nūr al-Dīn Maḥmūd Zengī intended to liberate Jerusalem and made many efforts, but he passed away in 569 AH. His deputy Sultān Salāḥ al-Dīn al-Ayyūbī fulfilled his aim years later. The great Sultān did not get back Bayt al-Muqaddas by carrying out the massacre like the non-Muslims did by massacring 70,000 Muslims, but he got it back by making reconciliation with the non-Muslims present there as per their wish. By his great efforts and true yearning for Islām, he conquered many forts and areas and excellently uplifted the flag of Islām. He also conquered other places. #Salahuddin #AyyubidDynasty #Sultanate

Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shadhi (1137 – 4 March 1193), commonly known by the title Salah ud Din ,was the founder of the Ayyubid Sultanate. Hailing from an ethnic Kurdish family, he was the first Sultan of both Egypt and Syria. He is popularly known for liberating Al-Quds, the land of Jerusalem or the first Islamic Qiblah. Sultan Salah ud Din spearheaded the Muslim military effort against the Crusader states in the Levant. At the height of his power, Ayyubid territorial limit spanned Egypt, Syria, Upper Mesopotamia, the Hejaz, Yemen, the Maghreb, and Nubia. The Sultan was indeed Kurdish by race but far from being any ethno nationalist. He was an Orthodox Sunni Muslim and also a disciple of the Sultan ul Awliyah, Shaykh Sayyid Abdul Qadir Jillani (رحمه الله تعالی) the leader of Sunni Orthodoxy and 13th direct descendant of the Fifth Rightly Guided Caliph Sayyidina Imam Hassan ibn Ali رضي الله عنهم . So, Sultan Salah ud Din Ayubi Hazretleri has the honor of having this unique spiritual link which reaches to the King of all Prophets Sayyidna Muhammad ﷺ. [Source: Saladin, Pearson Longman. p. 48] Sultan Salah ud Din was famous for his kind, generous, and forgiving nature. Despite the horrendous slaughter of Muslims by Crusaders' when they originally conquered Jerusalem in 1099, Sultan granted amnesty to all common Catholics and even to the defeated Christian army, as long as they were able to pay the aforementioned ransom (the Greek Orthodox Christians were treated even better because they often opposed the western Crusaders). 20th-century French author Albert Champdor described Sultan Salah ud Din as "Le plus pur héros de l'Islam" (English: The purest Hero of Islam) through his book. As early as 1202/03, Walther von der Vogelweide urged the German King Philip of Swabia to be more generous like Salah ud Din, who believed that a king's hands should have holes to let the gold fall through. [Introduction to the History of the Muslim East, Historical Bibliography. University of California Press. p. 166.] In April 1191, a Frankish woman's three month old baby had been stolen from her camp and sold on the market. The Franks urged her to approach Salah ud Din herself with her grievance. According to Baha ad-Din, Sultan used his own money to buy the child back: He gave it to the mother and she took it; with tears streaming down her face, and hugged the baby to her chest. The people were watching her and weeping and I (Ibn Shaddad) was standing amongst them. She suckled it for some time and then Sultan ordered a horse to be fetched for her and she went back to camp. [Lyons, Malcolm Cameron; Jackson, D. E. P. (1982). Saladin: The Politics of the Holy War] Sultan Salah ud Din died of a fever on 4 March 1193 (27 Safar 589 AH) at Damascus, not long after King Richard's departure. In Sultan Salah ud Din's possession at the time of his death were one piece of gold and forty silver pieces. He had given away wealth to his poor subjects, leaving nothing to pay for his funeral. He was buried in a mausoleum in the garden outside the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, Syria. [Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad (2002). The Rare and Excellent History of Saladin] May the Nur of Jenab e Haqq Allah Azzawajal fill the grave of Sultan Salah ud Din. Amin 🤲 #islamicknowledge #tarih #Saladin #Egypt #kurdish #IslamicHistory #March #today #TodayInHistory #knowledge #historical

𝐓𝐡𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐝 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐛𝐚𝐟𝐟𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐥𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐜𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐎𝐭𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐒𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐘𝐢𝐥𝐝𝐢𝐫𝐢𝐦 𝐁𝐚𝐲𝐞𝐳𝐢𝐝 𝐈 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐨𝐥𝐭 ⚡ ! Bayezid I (Reign: 1389-1402) was given the honorific title of Yildirim ( thunderbolt ⚡) for the brilliant speed with which he mobilised his military to attack the enemies. The Sultan is credited for crushing a large scale European crusade in the Battle of Nicopolis (Niğbolu) in 1396. It was a stunning victory as the Ottomans defeated armies of around 20 European states which proves the military prowess of Bayezid 1. For his heroic victory at Nicopolis, Sultan Bayezid Han was officially given the title of "Sultan" by the contemporary ceremonial Abassid Caliph residing in Mamluk Egypt. The effect of the defeat of Nicopolis was so devastating for Christians that Chronicler Jean Froissart would declare : "Since the battle of Roncesvalles when all twelve peers of France were slain, Christianity received not so great a damage." [Source: Tuchman 561] This victory stabilised the Ottoman state and discouraged the formation of future alliance of European states. [Source: Battle of Nicopolis". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009]. Besides his military skills, Bayezid 1 was very pious Muslim who created a system of sending annual gifts for all the residents of Hejaz (Mecca and Medina) as a sign of his love for Muslim Ummah. [Source: Salih Gülen] Unfortunately, Sultan Bayezid's image has been tarnished by certain fanatics who believe that Bayezid 1 was defeated at the battle of Ankara 1402 due to alcoholism (استغفراللہ). It is sad that such baseless lies are bought by the gullible people who lack ability to research. Firstly, the Islamic population of medieval Anatolia would never tolerate a drunkard as ruler. Secondly, if Bayezid had such vices then he wouldn't be able to crush a grand European alliance before. The primary reason for the defeat at Ankara conflict was the betrayal of a major chunk of Bayezid's forces who defected to Amir Timur's camp in the midst of battle. Also, we must not forget that Bayezid 1 was busy besieging Constantinople when Timur invaded Eastern Anatolia; which is why Bayezid 1 didn't really have time to formulate a proper war strategy. Certain blind admirers of Amir Timur present Bayezid 1 as the person who fueled the fire of war which is factually incorrect. Bayezid 1 was the sovereign ruler of Ottoman Sultanate who refused to bow to a fanatic like Amir Timur who had shed the pure blood of tens of thousands Muslims from India to Iran and to Middle East. (shocking example of Timur's cruelty against innocent Muslim civilians in comments below) The struggle of Bayezid Yildirim against Timur failed, but it serves us all a lesson that one should never fear defeat if one is on the right path. This is why Bayezid refused to escape the battlefield despite insistence of subordinates. He accepted the defeat but remained steadfast on all his high principles. May Allah elevate the the ranks of Bayezid Yildirim. Amin Ecmain 🤲 May God raise the ranks of Sultan Yildirim Beyazid. Sultan Bayezid Han Coķ Yaşa❤ Artist credit : Sadiq Huseynov (Azerbaijan) #yıldırım #history #osmanli #ottoman #tarih #iran #middleeast #india #Timur #mongol #ankara #anatolia #muslim #arab #warfare #legacy #Sultan #Osman #devlet #warhistory #azerbaijan #military #Prowess #victory