Calculating the radius of the earth over a thousand years ago required a lot of imagination. It was Abu Reyhan Al-Biruni, the 10th century Islamic mathematical genius, who combined trigonometry and algebra to achieve this very numerical feat.

Biruni’s scholarly legacy has inspired scientists and mathematicians for several centuries, and his name continues to command respect even today.

Scholars like Biruni were born at a time when much of the world’s scientific and mathematical knowledge was translated into Arabic. By the time he came of age, he was also introduced to concepts developed by scholars from different civilisations and centuries. From the scientific literature of the Babylonians to those of the Romans, to ancient Indian texts on astrology, Biruni learnt from it all. Like other Muslim scholars from the Golden Age of Islam, he was also hungry for knowledge.

According to the Turkish Professor, Fuat Sezgin, intellectually sound debates occurred between the 27-year-old Biruni and 18-year-old Ibn Sina. The two great minds are known to have discussed ‘The propagation of light and its measurement’ in a great depth. Sezgin, who died in 2018, concluded that the quality of those debates is rare and probably does not exist even today.

#oneislamproductions #oneislamreminders #islam #allah #islamicknowledge #subhanallah #islamicpost #muslim #beneficial #reminders #albiruni #goldenage #scientists #scholar #genius #universalgenius #explorepage

Facts about Tiger of Mysore Tipu Sultan:

* He was the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore from 1782 to 1799.
* He was also known as the "Tiger of Mysore" for his military prowess and his fierce resistance to British rule.
* He was a skilled military strategist and tactician, and he is credited with introducing a number of innovations to the art of warfare, including the use of iron-cased rockets.
* He was also a patron of the arts and sciences, and he founded a number of schools and libraries.
* He was a Muslim ruler, but he was tolerant of other religions and he promoted religious harmony in his kingdom.
* He was martyred in battle in 1799 by the British East India Company.

* He was born in Devanahalli, Karnataka, India, on November 20, 1750.
* His father, Hyder Ali, was the Sultan of Mysore and a powerful military leader.
* Tipu Sultan was educated in both the Islamic and Western traditions.
* He was married to Fatima Begum, the daughter of the Nizam of Hyderabad.
* He had three sons and two daughters.
* He was a skilled horseman and archer.
* He was a devout Muslim and he often prayed five times a day.
* He was a generous ruler and he often gave money to the poor and needy.
* He was a patron of the arts and sciences and he founded a number of schools and libraries.
* He was a fierce opponent of the British East India Company and he fought three wars against them.

Tipu Sultan is a complex and controversial figure. He was a skilled military leader and a patron of the arts and sciences, but he was also a ruthless ruler who persecuted his enemies. He is still remembered today as a hero by many Indians, but he is also seen as a villain by some.

"It is better to live like a lion for a day than to live like a jackal for a hundred years."

#IslamicHistory
#IslamicGoldenAge
#muslimscientists
#muslimscientist
#TipuSultan

Today, most of the modern world has become familiar with robots. Part of this global development in the field of robots revolves around the concept of automation. This in turn, began with the mechanization of manufacturing during the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century.

And while robotics is considered a relatively new field of science, with the public’s consensus that it is the creation of 20th-century scientists, it would be surprising to know that the field has its roots in the medieval era nearly a millennium ago.

One of the most important medieval figures within the field was Badi-az- Zaman al Jazari. Al-Jazari, a Muslim scholar, mathematician, engineer, and above all, an innovator was born in Jazaria [in modern-day Turkey] during the Artuqid Dynasty, he was famous for creating ingenious pre-modern robots controlled by various hydraulic-gear systems. He invented many devices that were precursors to today’s robots, and his knowledge of automation in the 12th century inspired several generations of scientists.

Within his various books, Al-Jazari gave step-by-step instructions about building many of these machines and devices. His books contain an invaluable store of knowledge about early Muslim engineering. Unlike other peers of his time, they were unique because he had meticulously described each detail of his machines. Moreover, these instructions were so well organized that many future craftsmen were able to build upon his mechanical creations without much difficulty.
The first person to actually build a programmable humanoid robot was Al-Jazari in 1206. a.k.a. Al-Jazari) was an Arab Muslim scholar, inventor, and mechanical engineer during the Islamic Golden Age (Middle Ages).

#pakistanbulletin

Recently scientists collected data from telescopes all around the world and created an algorithm in which to create a digital picture of a black hole.
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It’s the first time we’ve ever seen a black hole, however it confirms many of Einstein’s predictions.
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Yet symbols found on Gobekli Tepe, a 12000 year old monument share resemblance.
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Coincidence?

This ancient site in Turkey is re-writing human history. Göbeklitepe has been carbon-dated to have been constructed 13,500 years ago, 7000+ years earlier than the "supposed" date of the construction of The Great Pyramid Of Giza!

Resonance Science Foundation • Graham Hancock • Megalithomania • 10000 BC Göbekli tepe • Ancient Origins • Forbidden Archaeology • (post by Jamie Janover)
#gobeklitepe #göbeklitepe #urfa #şanliurfa #Turkey #Anatolia

What Harun started, his son Mamun sought to complete. Mamun was a scholar in his own right, had studied medicine, Fiqh, logic and was a Hafiz e Qur’an. He sent delegations to Constantinople and the courts of Indian and Chinese princes asking them to send classical books and scholars. He encouraged the translators and gave them handsome rewards.

Perhaps the story of this period is best told by the great men of the era. The first philosopher of Islam, al Kindi , worked at this time in Iraq. The celebrated mathematician al Khwarizmi worked at the court of Mamun. Al Khwarizmi is best known for the recurring method of solving mathematical problems, which is used even today and is called algorithms. He studied for a while in Baghdad and is also reported to have traveled to India. Al Khwarizmi invented the word algebra (from the Arabic word j-b-r, meaning to force, beat or multiply), introduced the Indian numeral system to the Muslim world (from where it traveled to Europe and became the “Arabic” numeral system), institutionalized the use of the decimal in mathematics and invented the empirical method (knowledge based on measurement) in astronomy. He wrote several books on geography and astronomy and cooperated in the measurement of the distance of an arc across the globe. The world celebrates the name of Al Khwarizmi to this day by using “algorithms” in every discipline of science and engineering.

It was the intellectual explosion created at the time of Harun and Mamun that propelled science into the forefront of knowledge and made Islamic civilization the beacon of learning for five hundred years. The work done by the translation schools of Baghdad made possible the later works of the physician al Razi, historian al Masudi, the physician Abu Ali Sina , the physicist al Hazen, the historian al Baruni, the mathematician Omar Khayyam and the philosopher Ibn Rushd.

The age of Harun and Mamun was also an age of contradictions. Indeed, no other period in Islamic history illustrates with such clarity the schizophrenic attitude of Muslims towards their own history, as does the age of Harun and Mamun. On the one hand, Muslims take pride in its accomplishments. On the other, they reject the values on which those achievements were based. Muslims exude great pride in the scientists and philosophers of the era, especially in their dialectic with the West. But they reject the intellectual foundation on which these scientists and philosophers based their work.

Thus it was that the Muslim world came upon rational ideas, adopted them, experimented with them and finally threw them out. The historical lesson of the age of Harun and Mamun is that a fresh effort must be made to incorporate philosophy and science within the framework of Islamic civilization based on Tawhid.

Al-Kindi was the first Muslim philosopher. Philo­sophical studies in the second/eighth century were in the hands of Christian Syriacs, who were primarily physicians. They started, through encourage­ment by the Caliph, to translate Greek writings into Arabic. Being the first Arab Muslim to study science and philosophy, al-Kindi was rightly called “the Philosopher of the Arabs.”

Kindah was one of the great Arab tribes before Islam. His grandfather al-Ash`ath ibn Qais adopted Islam and was considered one of the Companions (Sahabah) of the Prophet. Al-Ash`ath went with some of the pioneer Muslims to al-Kufah, where he and his descend­ants lived.

Al-Kufah and al-Basrah, in the second/eighth and third/ninth centuries, were the two rivalling centres of Islamic culture. Al-Kufah was more inclined to rational studies; and in this intellectual atmosphere, al-Kindi passed his early boyhood. He learnt the Qur'an by heart, the Arabic grammar, literature, and elementary arithmetic, all of which formed the curriculum for all Muslim children. He also studied Fiqh and the new-born discipline called Kalam. But it seems that he was more interested in sciences and philo­sophy, to which he consecrated the rest of his life, especially after he went to Baghdad.

It seems that al-Kindi learnt Greek, but certainly he mastered the Syriac language from which he translated several works. He also revised some of the Arabic translations, such as al-Himsi's translation of Plotinus' Enneads, which passed to the Arabs as one of the writings of Aristotle. Al-Qifti, the biographer, says that “al-Kindi translated many philosophical books, clarified their difficulties, and summarized their deep theories.”

Most of his numerous works (numbering about 270) are lost. Ibn al-Nadim and following him al-Qifti classified his writings, most of which are short treatises, into seventeen groups: (1) philosophical, (2) logical, (3) arithmetical, (4) globular, (5) musical, (6) astronomical, (7) geometrical, (8) spherical, (9), medical, (10) astrological, (11) dialectical, (12) psychological, (13) political, (14) causal (meteorological), (15) dimensional, (16) on first things, (17) on the species of some metals, chemicals, etc.
This account shows to what extent al-Kindi's knowledge was encyclopedic. Some of his scientific works were translated by Gerard of Cremona into Latin and influenced very much the thought of medieval Europe. Indeed, this conciliation remained for a long time the chief feature of this philosophy. Furthermore, al-Kindi, specializing in all the sciences known at his time - of which his writings give sufficient evidence - ­made philosophy a comprehensive study embracing all sciences.
Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, and Ibn Rushd were first scientists and then philosophers. Philosophy is the knowledge of truth. Muslim philosophers, like the Greek, believed that truth is something over and above experience; that it lies immutable and eternal in a supernatural world. The definition of philosophy in al-Kindi's treatise on “First Philosophy” runs like this: “Philosophy is the knowledge of the reality of things within man's possibility, because the philosopher's end in his theoretical knowledge is to gain truth and in his practical knowledge to behave in accordance with truth.”
At the end of the treatise, God is qualified by the term “truth,” which is the objective of philo­sophy. “The True One (al-Wahid al-Haq) is, then, the First, the Creator, the Sustainer of all that He has created. ...”

It was the golden age of Islam. It was not the fabulous wealth of the empire or the fairy tales of the Arabian Nights that made it golden; it was the strength of its ideas and its contributions to human thought. As the empire had grown, it had come into contact with ideas from classical Greek, Indian, Zoroastrian, Buddhist and Hindu civilizations. The process of translation and understanding of global ideas was well underway since the time of al Mansur. But it received a quantum boost from Harun and Mamun.

Harun al Rashid was the son of al Mansur and was the fourth in the Abbasid dynasty. Ascending the throne as a young man of twenty-two in the year 786, he immediately faced internal revolts and external invasion. Regional revolts in Africa were crushed, tribal revolts from the Qais and Quzhaa in Egypt were contained and sectarian revolts from the Alavis were controlled. The Byzantines were held at bay and forced to pay tribute. For 23 years he ruled an empire that had welded together a broad arc of the earth extending from China, bordering India and Byzantium through the Mediterranean to the Atlantic Ocean.

Harun established a School of translation Bait ul Hikmah (house of wisdom) and surrounded himself with men of learning. Commenting on the role of Harun in establishing the House of Wisdom, Bozkurt says: “It is known as Bayt al-Hikmah. The idea of building such a grand library came to fruition during Harun Rashid’s term. He started bringing books from across the world for translation. During his son Al Ma’mun’s term, the process went further.” Bayt al-Hikmah served as a bridge between ancient Greek and modern Western philosophy. It collected ancient Greek artefacts from Egyptian, Byzantine, Sassanid and Roman countries and prevented them from disappearing.

His administration was in the hands of viziers of exceptional capabilities, the Bermecides. His courtiers included great doctors, poets, musicians, logicians, mathematicians, writers, scientists, men of culture and scholars of Fiqh. Ibn Hayyan, who invented the science of chemistry, worked at the court of Harun. The scholars who were engaged in the work of translation included Muslims, Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians and Hindus. From Greece came the works of Socrates, Aristotle, Plato, Galen, Hippocratis, Archimedes, Euclid, Ptolemy, Demosthenes and Pythagoras. The Muslims learned from these sources and gave to the world algebra, chemistry, sociology and the concept of infinity.

What gave the Muslims the confidence to face other civilizations was their faith. With a confidence firmly rooted in revelation, the Muslims faced other civilizations, absorbing that which they found valid and transforming it in the image of their own belief. The Qur’an invites men and women to learn from nature, to reflect on the patterns therein, to mold and shape nature so that they may inculcate wisdom. ”We shall show them our Signs on the horizon and within their souls until it is manifest unto them that it is the Truth” (Qur’an, 41:53).

It is during this period that we see the emergence of the archetype of classical Islamic civilization, namely the Hakim (meaning, a person of wisdom). In Islam, a scientist is not a specialist who looks at nature from the outside, but a man of wisdom who looks at nature from within and integrates his knowledge into an essential whole. The quest of the Hakim is not just knowledge for the sake of knowledge but the realization of the essential Unity that pervades creation and the interrelationships that demonstrate the wisdom of God.

It is believed that the House of Wisdom was an intellectually vibrant place that was mainly driven by its cosmopolitanism, something that was "never seen before."

As a result of the work of scientists, the two-dimensional map of the universe expanded.

The new map covers more than 1 billion galaxies and each galaxy contains billions of stars.

Scientists have also observed the collision of dwarf galaxies for the first time.

The Qur’an was revealed in the year 610 where Allah, Subhanahu wataala, ( The One GOD Allah) himself, revealed details of the formation of a baby. Our scientists had no understanding in the matter at all, until the 1800's. How does one deny that the one and only Creator, not 2 or 3 combined with human relatives and the ability to die is a GOD?

by An American revert fan
Michelle

NB: the correct translation of "clinging clot" is leech

With Teknofest, the six-day mega technology event, underway until September 4 in the Black Sea province of Samsun, one man has captured headlines – and the imagination of a nation.

Selcuk Bayraktar, who dismisses comparisons to Elon Musk but prefers to follow the footsteps of legendary Muslim scientists like Aziz Sancar, Ismail al Jazari and Al Farghani, is comfortable waxing about the intricacies of UAV warfare as he interacts with throngs of his adoring fans, be they 70-year-olds or 7-year-olds.

Speaking to TRT World at the fifth Teknofest, the Baykar chairman and CTO described the showcase of Türkiye’s first unmanned fighter aircraft as a ‘dream’ twenty years in the making.

“That was our Kizilelma,” referring to the rigorous yet gratifying two-decade-long journey, one that sees Türkiye among only three countries in the world now capable of developing such advanced aerial technology.

At the 2019 Teknofest, Baykar showcased the Bayraktar Akinci, which is capable of conducting operations that are performed alongside combat jets.

Today, Bayraktar is synonymous with Turkish military prowess around the world, with exports making up over 80 percent of its revenue. It garnered global attention with its success in the Nagorno-Karabakh and other conflicts.

When discussing Teknofest, Bayraktar describes it as a “revolution” – in that it is an indication of how Türkiye is transforming “from a technology-consuming culture to a technology-developing nation.”