Today, most of the modern world has become familiar with robots. Part of this global development in the field of robots revolves around the concept of automation. This in turn, began with the mechanization of manufacturing during the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century. And while robotics is considered a relatively new field of science, with the public’s consensus that it is the creation of 20th-century scientists, it would be surprising to know that the field has its roots in the medieval era nearly a millennium ago. One of the most important medieval figures within the field was Badi-az- Zaman al Jazari. Al-Jazari, a Muslim scholar, mathematician, engineer, and above all, an innovator was born in Jazaria [in modern-day Turkey] during the Artuqid Dynasty, he was famous for creating ingenious pre-modern robots controlled by various hydraulic-gear systems. He invented many devices that were precursors to today’s robots, and his knowledge of automation in the 12th century inspired several generations of scientists. Within his various books, Al-Jazari gave step-by-step instructions about building many of these machines and devices. His books contain an invaluable store of knowledge about early Muslim engineering. Unlike other peers of his time, they were unique because he had meticulously described each detail of his machines. Moreover, these instructions were so well organized that many future craftsmen were able to build upon his mechanical creations without much difficulty. The first person to actually build a programmable humanoid robot was Al-Jazari in 1206. a.k.a. Al-Jazari) was an Arab Muslim scholar, inventor, and mechanical engineer during the Islamic Golden Age (Middle Ages). #pakistanbulletin