Islamic World The Islamic world refers to countries and regions where Islam is dominant, influencing various aspects of life, including culture, politics, law, and education. It is not just limited to the Middle East; it spans Africa, Asia, and Europe. Critical Aspects of the Islamic World: 1. Geographical Spread: Middle East and North Africa (MENA): The heartland of Islam, including countries like Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iran, and Turkey. South Asia: Countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan, where Islam plays a central role. Southeast Asia: Indonesia, the world's most populous Muslim-majority country, Malaysia, and Brunei. Sub-Saharan Africa: Countries like Nigeria, Sudan, and Somalia have significant Muslim populations. Europe: There are significant Muslim communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania, and growing populations in Western Europe due to migration. 2. Cultural and Religious Practices: Religious Practices: The Five Pillars of Islam (Shahada, Salah, Zakat, Sawm, Hajj) are central to Islamic life. Islamic Law (Sharia): In many Muslim-majority countries, Sharia law influences or directly governs legal systems, covering everything from criminal law to personal status issues like marriage and inheritance. Language: Arabic is the liturgical language of Islam, but other languages, such as Persian, Turkish, Urdu, and Malay, are widely spoken in the Islamic world. 3. Historical Contributions: The Golden Age of Islam (8th to 14th century) was a period of significant advancements in science, medicine, mathematics, and philosophy, with learning centres in cities like Baghdad, Cairo, and Cordoba. Architecture: Islamic architecture is renowned for its mosques, madrasas (schools), and palaces, featuring minarets, domes, and intricate geometric designs. 4. Modern-Day Dynamics: Political Landscape: The Islamic world includes various governance systems, from monarchies in the Gulf States to republics in Iran and Turkey. Political Islam and movements like the Muslim Brotherhood have had significant influence in some regions. Economic Power: The Islamic world includes some of the world's largest oil producers, like Saudi Arabia and Iran, which play a critical role in global energy markets. Social Issues: The Islamic world faces diverse social challenges, from modernisation and globalisation to debates over women's rights, democracy, and the role of religion in the state. 5. Global Influence: Diaspora: Significant Muslim communities in Europe, North America, and other parts of the world contribute to the global influence of Islam. Interfaith Relations: Islam is one of the world's major religions, with interfaith dialogue becoming increasingly important in promoting understanding and cooperation between different religious communities. The Islamic world is diverse and complex, with a rich history and significant impact on global culture, politics, and economics.

Türkiye's first-ever astronaut, Alper Gezeravci, has completed seven out of the 13 different scientific experiments on his list as part of the Axiom Mission 3 (Ax-3) at the International Space Station. Gezeravci’s work at the ISS includes conducting experiments in fields including materials science, biology, physics, medicine and genetics. The Turkish astronaut’s ongoing eighth experiment — named PRANET — examines the antibacterial effects of propolis in microgravity environments, according to the Turkish Space Agency (TUA). "The microgravity environment creates very different opportunities for scientific research that we do not have in the world," according to the astronaut. Gezeravci and the other three members of the Ax-3 crew are expected to return from their mission on February 2, having completed 30 scientific experiments during their two-week stay, with Gezeravci responsible for 13 — or nearly half — of them.

☪️ Selam News 🇹🇷 📣 10 Aralık Dünya İnsan Hakları Günü Dünyanın dört bir yanında yaşanan insan hakları ihlallerinin ve bunlara gösterilen iki yüzlü yaklaşımların son bulmasını diliyoruz! Madde 1: Bütün insanlar özgür, onur ve haklar bakımından eşit doğarlar. Akıl ve vicdana sahiptirler, birbirlerine karşı kardeşlik anlayışıyla davranmalıdırlar İnsan Hakları Evrensel Beyannamesi 73 yaşında #10AralıkDünyaİnsanHaklarıGün 10 December World Human Rights Day We hope that the human rights violations and the two-sided approaches to them will come to an end! Article 1: All people are born free, equal in dignity and rights. They have reason and conscience, they should treat each other with a sense of brotherhood. Universal Declaration of Human Rights 75 years old #10DecemberWorldHumanRightsDay #world #people #News #Haber #selam #SelamNews #İstanbul #Türkiye #Turkey #world

SpaceX Starship Second Launch: Image Collection | SpaceX Starbase in Texas FriendsofNASA.org | View full-size images: https://www.friendsofnasa.org/2023/11/spacex-starship-second-launch-image.html | SpaceX: "Starship successfully lifted off under the power of all 33 Raptor engines on the Super Heavy Booster and made it through stage separation." For the second flight test of a fully integrated Starship, SpaceX used a Super Heavy rocket booster to launch a Starship upper stage, from Starbase in Texas, on November 18, 2023, at 8am EST. According to SpaceX, Starship is a fully reusable transportation system, designed to carry both crew and cargo to Earth orbit, the Moon, Mars and beyond. SpaceX’s Starship spacecraft and Super Heavy rocket—collectively referred to as Starship—represent a fully reusable transportation system designed to carry both crew and cargo to Earth orbit, the Moon, Mars and beyond. Starship will be the world’s most powerful launch vehicle ever developed, with the ability to carry up to 150 metric tonnes to Earth orbit reusable, and up to 250 metric tonnes expendable. "Starship is essential to both SpaceX’s plans to deploy its next-generation Starship system as well as for NASA, which will use a lunar lander version of Starship for landing astronauts on the moon during the Artemis III mission through the Human Landing System (HLS) program." Key Starship Parameters: Height: 120m/394ft Diameter: 9m/29.5ft Payload to LEO: 100 – 150 t (fully reusable) Capabilities: Satellites: "Starship is designed to deliver satellites further and at a lower marginal cost per launch than our current Falcon vehicles. With a payload compartment larger than any fairing currently in operation or development, Starship creates possibilities for new missions, including space telescopes even larger than the James Webb." Raptor Engine Parameters: Diameter: 1.3m/4ft Height: 3.1m/10.2ft Thrust: 230tf/500 klbf Download the Free Starship User Guide (PDF): https://www.spacex.com/media/starship_users_guide_v1.pdf Credit: Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX) Release Date: Nov. 18, 2023 #NASA #SpaceX #Space #Earth #Moon #ArtemisIII #Mars #Starship #SuperHeavyBooster #ElonMusk #GwynneShotwell #Science #SpaceTechnology #Engineering #HumanSpaceflight #CommercialSpace #Starbase #BocaChica #Texas #SolarSystem #SpaceExploration #UnitedStates #STEM #Education

James Webb Teleskobu Erken Evrende ‘Var Olmamaları Gereken’ Samanyolu Benzeri Binlerce Galaksi Tespit Etti : (Ethem Yekta Ulaş-2.Ekim.2023) James Webb Uzay Teleskobu erken evren döneminde var olmasına imkânsız gözüyle bakılan ve Samanyolu’na benzeyen binlerce disk galaksisi tespit etti. James Webb Uzay Teleskobu son derece heyecan verici bir keşfe daha imza attı. Samanyolu’na benzeyen, evrenin ilk dönemlerinde varlıkları neredeyse imkânsız gibi görünen binlerce galaksi tespit edildi. Gökbilimciler şimdiye kadar şiddetli galaktik birleşmelerin hakim olduğu erken evren döneminde (evrenin başlangıcından sonraki yaklaşık olarak ilk 380.000 yıl) böyle hassas galaksilerin varlığını sürdürebilmesinin neredeyse imkânsız olduğunu düşündürüyordu. Ancak James Webb Uzay Teleskobu, bu ender gökadaların erken evrende 10 kat daha yaygın olduğunu göstererek bu düşünceyi kökünden değiştirdi. The Astrophysical Journal’da yayımlanan araştırmaya göre 9 milyar ila 13 milyar yıl öncesine gözlerini diken gökbilimciler, tespit ettikleri 3.956 galaksiden 1.672’sinin Samanyolu’na benzer disk galaksileri olduğunu keşfettiler. Bu galaksilerin birçoğu evren sadece birkaç milyar yaşındayken dahi mevcudiyetlerini koruyorlardı. Çalışmanın baş yazarı olan Kanada’nın Victoria Üniversitesi’nden astronom Leonardo Ferreira şunları söyledi: “30 yılı aşkın bir süredir bu tür disk galaksilerinin, galaksilerin sık sık karşılaştığı yaygın şiddetli karşılaşmalar nedeniyle evrenin erken dönemlerinde nadir olduğu düşünülüyordu. James Webb’in bu kadar çok sayıda bulması bu aracın gücünün ve gökadaların yapılarının evrenin erken dönemlerinde, hatta herkesin tahmin ettiğinden çok daha önce oluştuğunun bir başka işaretidir.” Çoğu galaksi oluşumu teorisinde gökadaların oluşumu, evrenin yaşamının 1 ila 2 milyar yıl sonrasında başlıyordu. İlk yıldız kümesinin cüce galaksiler halinde oluştuğu ve bunların daha sonra birbirlerini yutarak şiddetli galaktik birleşmelere yol açtığı düşünülüyordu. Bu süreç sonucunda ise Samanyolu gibi büyük gökadalar meydana geliyordu. Ancak James Webb tarafından elde edilen veriler Samanyolu gibi disk galaksilerinin evrenin çok erken dönemlerinde, yaklaşık olarak evrenin başlangıcında oluşmaya başladığını gösteriyor. Bu sonuçlar yıldızların çoğunun bu tür gökadalar içinde oluştuğunu ve gökadaların evriminin son 10 milyar yıl içinde nasıl gerçekleştiği hakkındaki mevcut anlayışı tamamen değiştiriyor. Samanyolu Benzeri Galaksilerin Çok Daha Önceden Var Olduğu Gerçeği Dünya Dışı Yaşam İhtimalini de Artırıyor. Manchester Üniversitesi’nden ekstragalaktik astronomi profesörü olan çalışmanın ortak yazarı Christopher Conselice şunları söylüyor: “Hubble Uzay Teleskobu’nu kullandığımız sırada evren yaklaşık 6 milyar yaşına gelene kadar disk galaksilerin hiç var olmadığını düşünüyorduk. Ancak JWST sonuçları Samanyolu benzeri bu galaksilerin oluşma zamanını neredeyse evrenin başlangıcına kadar götürüyor. “Yani bu sonuçlar yıldızların çoğunun bu galaksiler içinde var olduğu ve oluştuğu anlamına geliyor ki bu da oluşumlarının nasıl gerçekleştiğine dair tüm anlayışımızı değiştiriyor. Sonuçlarımıza dayanarak ilk galaksilerin oluşumu ve son 10 milyar yıldaki evrimlerinin nasıl gerçekleştiğine dair bildiğimizi sandığımız şeylere tekrar göz atmalıyız.” Evrenin Büyük Patlama ile yaratılışından bir kaç yüzbin yıl sonra bu büyük Galaksilerin ortaya çıkması, Evrenin basit altyapı maddelerinden, birkaç milyar yıllık bir süreç içinde, yavaş yavaş evrimleştiğine dair teorileri geçersiz kılıyor. Bu keşfin bir diğer önemi de, yaşamın başlaması için uygun koşulların bulunduğu ortamların genellikle Samanyolu gibi bir disk galaksisinde oluştuğu düşüncesi. Bu tür galaksilerin tahmin edilenden çok daha erken bir tarihte var olduğu gerçeği, dünya dışı yaşam ihtimalini daha da artırıyor. Kaynak: Live Science

Many have heard of the famous astronomers Galileo and Copernicus. But hundreds of years before them, Muslim scientist Al Battani left an indelible mark on astronomy, and his groundbreaking discoveries influenced and inspired the world of science for centuries. Swipe to learn more about this key figure of astronomy and science 👉

Did you know ? Rome was founded in 753 BC and the Roman Empire was born in 27 BC. The Empire ruled Europe and parts of North Africa right up until 476 AD. (Historians have chosen this date because this is when the western faction of the Roman Empire was destroyed, thus ending its reign over the world). The Eastern Roman Empire was conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1453. After the fall of Rome in AD 476, Italy was fragmented into numerous city-states and regional polities, a situation that would remain until the complete unification of the country in 1871. This long history is why today Italy has such a wide range of cultural variations https://www.livescience.com/roman-empire

The Woman Who Discovered a New Galaxy: In the world people talk about Muslim women and the Hijab, specifically in India. Here the answer.. Burcin Mutlu-Pakdil is a Turkish-American astrophysicist. She was born in Istanbul, Turkey, and is a Muslim. She received her Bachelor of Science degree in physics from Bilkent University in 2006. She then moved to the United States to pursue her graduate studies, earning her Master of Science degree in physics from Texas Tech University in 2008 and her Doctor of Philosophy degree in astronomy from the University of Minnesota in 2013. Mutlu-Pakdil's research focuses on the formation and evolution of galaxies. She uses large imaging surveys and tailored follow-up observations from large telescopes to discover and characterize the smallest and faintest galaxies in the universe. Her work has led to the discovery of several new galaxies, including Burcin's Galaxy, which is a rare example of a double-ringed elliptical galaxy. Mutlu-Pakdil is also a strong advocate for diversity and inclusion in science. She is a member of the American Astronomical Society's Committee on Women in Astronomy and the Association for Women in Science. She is also a co-founder of the Women in Physics and Astronomy (WIPA) program at Dartmouth College. Mutlu-Pakdil wears the hijab, which is a headscarf that covers the hair and neck. She has said that she wears the hijab because it is a part of her religious beliefs and that it makes her feel more comfortable and confident. She has also said that she does not believe that the hijab should prevent her from pursuing her dreams or from contributing to science. Mutlu-Pakdil's beliefs are centered around her faith in Islam. She believes that science and religion can coexist and that they can both provide insights into the world around us. She is also a strong advocate for education and believes that everyone should have the opportunity to learn and grow. She is the first Turkish woman to receive a PhD in astronomy from a US university. She is a co-author of the discovery paper for Burcin's Galaxy. Her research has been featured in several popular science magazines and websites, including Scientific American, The New York Times, and National Geographic. She is a TED Fellow and a recipient of the AAAS IF/THEN Ambassador Award. Mutlu-Pakdil is a role model for young women who are interested in science. She is an inspiration to many and her work is helping to break down barriers for women in STEM fields.

Facts about Tiger of Mysore Tipu Sultan: * He was the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore from 1782 to 1799. * He was also known as the "Tiger of Mysore" for his military prowess and his fierce resistance to British rule. * He was a skilled military strategist and tactician, and he is credited with introducing a number of innovations to the art of warfare, including the use of iron-cased rockets. * He was also a patron of the arts and sciences, and he founded a number of schools and libraries. * He was a Muslim ruler, but he was tolerant of other religions and he promoted religious harmony in his kingdom. * He was martyred in battle in 1799 by the British East India Company. * He was born in Devanahalli, Karnataka, India, on November 20, 1750. * His father, Hyder Ali, was the Sultan of Mysore and a powerful military leader. * Tipu Sultan was educated in both the Islamic and Western traditions. * He was married to Fatima Begum, the daughter of the Nizam of Hyderabad. * He had three sons and two daughters. * He was a skilled horseman and archer. * He was a devout Muslim and he often prayed five times a day. * He was a generous ruler and he often gave money to the poor and needy. * He was a patron of the arts and sciences and he founded a number of schools and libraries. * He was a fierce opponent of the British East India Company and he fought three wars against them. Tipu Sultan is a complex and controversial figure. He was a skilled military leader and a patron of the arts and sciences, but he was also a ruthless ruler who persecuted his enemies. He is still remembered today as a hero by many Indians, but he is also seen as a villain by some. "It is better to live like a lion for a day than to live like a jackal for a hundred years." #IslamicHistory #IslamicGoldenAge #muslimscientists #muslimscientist #TipuSultan

Here are some facts about the Moors in Europe: They ruled Spain and Portugal 754 years before the fall of the Mali Empire. 1. The Moors brought a wide variety of new fruits and vegetables to Europe. The Moors brought many new fruits and vegetables to Spain and Europe that were considered exotic novelties at the time. These products included pomegranates, peaches, lemons, oranges, saffron, cotton, rice, silk, sugar cane, and a variety of other fruits and vegetables. Even though they are commonplace today, the Spanish at the time considered these objects to be almost alien. Several centuries later, they are still important components of Spanish food and production. 2. The Moors Developed Far More Rapidly Than Medieval Europe The Arabs had an advanced civilization known for its architecture, science, mathematics, and exploration when they conquered the Iberian Peninsula. When the Moors arrived in Spain, they brought with them architectural innovations that astounded European stonemasons. The Alhambra, a fortress and palace complex in Granada, Spain, is one of the most stunning examples of Moorish architecture. Its construction started in 1238, and its grandeur and beauty far outstripped those of any comparable palace. It is still one of the palaces of the Islamic world that has been preserved the best today. 3. Chess Became Popular Across Europe Because of the Moors Chess has been played for more than 1,500 years, but the Moors brought the game in its present form to Europe. The Moors brought chess to Spain after it had spread from India to the Arabic world. It spread through Europe's courts and society very quickly after it gained popularity. Chess was a well-liked game of strategy and endurance in medieval Spain. Chess was first mentioned in writing in Spain in the Catalan Testament in 1010 AD. 4. The Moors Took Their Hygiene Very Seriously. A Moor, according to a catchphrase, "would rather go without bread than without soap." The Moors were known for their love of cleanliness. Due to their customs and the demands of their religion, the Moors valued cleanliness and often bathed; in the Moorish town of Cordoba, there were about 900 public baths. This made it possible to maintain proper hygiene at a time when plumbing and running water were still uncommon. Some sources also assert that the Moors introduced some kind of soap to Europe, ushering in a new era of hygiene. 5. The Moors Placed a High Value on Education The Moors placed a high value on education and made sure that everyone in their realm had access to it. This was in stark contrast to medieval Europe, where education was only available to the richest nobles and clergy and where 90% of the populace was still illiterate. In fact, there have even been instances of European Kings who are illiterate. The Moors founded 17 prestigious universities in Spain, including ones in Cordoba, Malaga, Granada, Seville, Toledo, and Almeria. 6. Many Moorish Words Are Still Used Today in Spanish and English The Moors introduced new ideas and words to Europe after they arrived, and these quickly assimilated into the common language. Up to 4,000 words in the Spanish language have Arabic roots, including algebra, checkmate, and influenza. Cipher, alcohol, chemistry, typhoon, orange, alkaline, cable, and nadir are additional examples. 7. The Moors Were Very Resourceful The old Roman irrigation systems that the Moors discovered in Iberia had great potential, so they quickly adopted, improved, and revived them. This increased agricultural productivity and boosted the economy. Additionally, they were able to grow new crops they had brought, including figs, dates, apricots, lemons, and oranges. Thanks to the Moors' creative irrigation methods, Spain quickly rose to become one of Europe's top producers of crops. 8. The Moors brought significant Changes to Spanish Cuisine For Europeans, spices were an uncommon commodity, and their cuisine was frequently regarded as bland. By bringing over hundreds of unusual spices, fresh recipes, and cutting-edge cooking techniques, the Moors altered that. We still eat a variety of wonderful dishes as a result of this culinary revolution. The spice markets of the Moors were renowned for their variety and provided options for chefs of all types. These medieval markets must have had the most amazing sights and smells. Source: Solution Reporters #solutionreporters #moors #spain #portugal #europe #arab #Mali