Islamic World The Islamic world refers to countries and regions where Islam is dominant, influencing various aspects of life, including culture, politics, law, and education. It is not just limited to the Middle East; it spans Africa, Asia, and Europe. Critical Aspects of the Islamic World: 1. Geographical Spread: Middle East and North Africa (MENA): The heartland of Islam, including countries like Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iran, and Turkey. South Asia: Countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan, where Islam plays a central role. Southeast Asia: Indonesia, the world's most populous Muslim-majority country, Malaysia, and Brunei. Sub-Saharan Africa: Countries like Nigeria, Sudan, and Somalia have significant Muslim populations. Europe: There are significant Muslim communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania, and growing populations in Western Europe due to migration. 2. Cultural and Religious Practices: Religious Practices: The Five Pillars of Islam (Shahada, Salah, Zakat, Sawm, Hajj) are central to Islamic life. Islamic Law (Sharia): In many Muslim-majority countries, Sharia law influences or directly governs legal systems, covering everything from criminal law to personal status issues like marriage and inheritance. Language: Arabic is the liturgical language of Islam, but other languages, such as Persian, Turkish, Urdu, and Malay, are widely spoken in the Islamic world. 3. Historical Contributions: The Golden Age of Islam (8th to 14th century) was a period of significant advancements in science, medicine, mathematics, and philosophy, with learning centres in cities like Baghdad, Cairo, and Cordoba. Architecture: Islamic architecture is renowned for its mosques, madrasas (schools), and palaces, featuring minarets, domes, and intricate geometric designs. 4. Modern-Day Dynamics: Political Landscape: The Islamic world includes various governance systems, from monarchies in the Gulf States to republics in Iran and Turkey. Political Islam and movements like the Muslim Brotherhood have had significant influence in some regions. Economic Power: The Islamic world includes some of the world's largest oil producers, like Saudi Arabia and Iran, which play a critical role in global energy markets. Social Issues: The Islamic world faces diverse social challenges, from modernisation and globalisation to debates over women's rights, democracy, and the role of religion in the state. 5. Global Influence: Diaspora: Significant Muslim communities in Europe, North America, and other parts of the world contribute to the global influence of Islam. Interfaith Relations: Islam is one of the world's major religions, with interfaith dialogue becoming increasingly important in promoting understanding and cooperation between different religious communities. The Islamic world is diverse and complex, with a rich history and significant impact on global culture, politics, and economics.

Do you know !! The world's first University was founded in Africa (Morocco🇲🇦) by a woman? Fatima bint Muhammad Al-Fihriya Al-Qurashiya (فاطمة بنت محمد الفهرية القرشية‎) founded the world’s first university in 895 CE in Fez, which is now in Morocco🇲🇦. She is more usually known simply as Fatima al-Fihri. She established the University of Al Qarawiynn using her share of her father's wealth she inherited with her sister. The university started as a large mosque and later grew into a place of education. © African Voice

Nine countries have paused funding for the UN relief agency for Palestinians (UNRWA) following Israeli allegations that some of its staff were involved in Hamas’s October 7 attacks. The US, Britain, Germany, Japan, Australia, Canada, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Finland have halted funding to the aid agency, a critical source of humanitarian support for over a million displaced people in Palestine’s besieged Gaza suffering from a lack of food, water, medicine and adequate shelter due to Israel’s relentless strikes and ongoing blockade. UNRWA addressed the allegations by stating that it had fired several employees over the accusations, promising a thorough investigation into Israel’s claims. The Palestinian Foreign Ministry denounced the decision of the key donor countries, calling it a “collective punishment” of the Palestinian people that revealed “miserable double standards”. Encouraging more donor suspensions, Israeli Foreign Minister Israel Katz said UNRWA should be replaced once fighting in the enclave dies down and accused it of having ties with the Palestinian resistance group Hamas in Gaza. Amid Israel’s ongoing war on Gaza, UNRWA has played a key role in providing aid and shelter to displaced Palestinians through its 700 schools across the enclave. UNRWA was initially set up to help refugees of the 1948 Nakba, when over 700,000 Palestinians were violently expelled from their homes during the founding of the State of Israel, and now employs tens of thousands of people, providing education, health and aid services to Palestinians in Gaza, the occupied West Bank, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon.

DID YOU KNOW? The world's first University was founded in Africa (Morocco🇲🇦) by a woman? Fatima bint Muhammad Al-Fihriya Al-Qurashiya (فاطمة بنت محمد الفهرية القرشية‎) founded the world’s first university in 895 CE in Fez, which is now in Morocco🇲🇦 She is more usually known simply as Fatima al-Fihri. She established the University of Al Qarawiynn using her share of her father's wealth she inherited with her sister. The university started as a large mosque and later grew into a place of education.

Mostar Bosnia Mostar, a city in southern Bosnia and Herzegovina, boasts a rich and complex history, shaped by diverse cultural influences and enduring through numerous periods of conflict and upheaval. Nestled along the Neretva River, Mostar has served as a crossroads for civilizations, fostering a unique blend of traditions and customs. Early Beginnings and Roman Rule The origins of Mostar can be traced back to the ancient Illyrian tribe of the Daorsi, who established a settlement in the area around the 6th century BC. Later, the Romans conquered the region, incorporating it into their vast empire. Roman rule brought with it infrastructure development, including the construction of roads and bridges, laying the foundation for Mostar's future importance as a transportation hub. Ottoman Era and Cultural Flourishing Under Ottoman rule, the city flourished as a commercial and cultural center, attracting people from diverse backgrounds. The construction of the iconic Stari Most (Old Bridge) in 1566 further cemented Mostar's position as a major trading post along the caravan routes. Austro-Hungarian Administration and Modernization In 1878, the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina brought about modernization efforts in Mostar, with the introduction of Western-style architecture, infrastructure development, and educational reforms. However, the city also experienced increased ethnic and religious tensions. World War I and Yugoslavia The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo in 1914 triggered the outbreak of World War I, plunging Mostar into a period of instability. The city changed hands between various armies during the war, suffering significant damage and displacement of its population. After the war, Mostar became part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, a period of relative stability and economic growth. The city continued to attract immigrants from various parts of Yugoslavia, further diversifying its cultural landscape. Siege of Mostar and the Bosnian War The collapse of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s unleashed a series of ethnic conflicts, including the Bosnian War. Mostar endured a brutal siege from 1992 to 1995. The city was divided along ethnic lines, with the Stari Most becoming a symbol of the division and destruction. Despite the hardships, the people of Mostar demonstrated remarkable resilience, preserving their cultural traditions and maintaining a sense of community amidst the siege. Post-War Reconstruction and Renewal The Dayton Agreement in 1995 brought an end to the Bosnian War, paving the way for reconstruction and reconciliation efforts in Mostar. The iconic Stari Most was painstakingly rebuilt, symbolizing the city's determination to heal and move forward. Today, Mostar stands as a testament to the enduring spirit of its people. The city has made significant strides in rebuilding its infrastructure, revitalizing its economy, and promoting cultural diversity. While the scars of the past remain, Mostar has embraced its role as a beacon of hope and unity in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

SpaceX Starship Second Launch: Image Collection | SpaceX Starbase in Texas FriendsofNASA.org | View full-size images: https://www.friendsofnasa.org/2023/11/spacex-starship-second-launch-image.html | SpaceX: "Starship successfully lifted off under the power of all 33 Raptor engines on the Super Heavy Booster and made it through stage separation." For the second flight test of a fully integrated Starship, SpaceX used a Super Heavy rocket booster to launch a Starship upper stage, from Starbase in Texas, on November 18, 2023, at 8am EST. According to SpaceX, Starship is a fully reusable transportation system, designed to carry both crew and cargo to Earth orbit, the Moon, Mars and beyond. SpaceX’s Starship spacecraft and Super Heavy rocket—collectively referred to as Starship—represent a fully reusable transportation system designed to carry both crew and cargo to Earth orbit, the Moon, Mars and beyond. Starship will be the world’s most powerful launch vehicle ever developed, with the ability to carry up to 150 metric tonnes to Earth orbit reusable, and up to 250 metric tonnes expendable. "Starship is essential to both SpaceX’s plans to deploy its next-generation Starship system as well as for NASA, which will use a lunar lander version of Starship for landing astronauts on the moon during the Artemis III mission through the Human Landing System (HLS) program." Key Starship Parameters: Height: 120m/394ft Diameter: 9m/29.5ft Payload to LEO: 100 – 150 t (fully reusable) Capabilities: Satellites: "Starship is designed to deliver satellites further and at a lower marginal cost per launch than our current Falcon vehicles. With a payload compartment larger than any fairing currently in operation or development, Starship creates possibilities for new missions, including space telescopes even larger than the James Webb." Raptor Engine Parameters: Diameter: 1.3m/4ft Height: 3.1m/10.2ft Thrust: 230tf/500 klbf Download the Free Starship User Guide (PDF): https://www.spacex.com/media/starship_users_guide_v1.pdf Credit: Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX) Release Date: Nov. 18, 2023 #NASA #SpaceX #Space #Earth #Moon #ArtemisIII #Mars #Starship #SuperHeavyBooster #ElonMusk #GwynneShotwell #Science #SpaceTechnology #Engineering #HumanSpaceflight #CommercialSpace #Starbase #BocaChica #Texas #SolarSystem #SpaceExploration #UnitedStates #STEM #Education

The Woman Who Discovered a New Galaxy: In the world people talk about Muslim women and the Hijab, specifically in India. Here the answer.. Burcin Mutlu-Pakdil is a Turkish-American astrophysicist. She was born in Istanbul, Turkey, and is a Muslim. She received her Bachelor of Science degree in physics from Bilkent University in 2006. She then moved to the United States to pursue her graduate studies, earning her Master of Science degree in physics from Texas Tech University in 2008 and her Doctor of Philosophy degree in astronomy from the University of Minnesota in 2013. Mutlu-Pakdil's research focuses on the formation and evolution of galaxies. She uses large imaging surveys and tailored follow-up observations from large telescopes to discover and characterize the smallest and faintest galaxies in the universe. Her work has led to the discovery of several new galaxies, including Burcin's Galaxy, which is a rare example of a double-ringed elliptical galaxy. Mutlu-Pakdil is also a strong advocate for diversity and inclusion in science. She is a member of the American Astronomical Society's Committee on Women in Astronomy and the Association for Women in Science. She is also a co-founder of the Women in Physics and Astronomy (WIPA) program at Dartmouth College. Mutlu-Pakdil wears the hijab, which is a headscarf that covers the hair and neck. She has said that she wears the hijab because it is a part of her religious beliefs and that it makes her feel more comfortable and confident. She has also said that she does not believe that the hijab should prevent her from pursuing her dreams or from contributing to science. Mutlu-Pakdil's beliefs are centered around her faith in Islam. She believes that science and religion can coexist and that they can both provide insights into the world around us. She is also a strong advocate for education and believes that everyone should have the opportunity to learn and grow. She is the first Turkish woman to receive a PhD in astronomy from a US university. She is a co-author of the discovery paper for Burcin's Galaxy. Her research has been featured in several popular science magazines and websites, including Scientific American, The New York Times, and National Geographic. She is a TED Fellow and a recipient of the AAAS IF/THEN Ambassador Award. Mutlu-Pakdil is a role model for young women who are interested in science. She is an inspiration to many and her work is helping to break down barriers for women in STEM fields.

Here are some facts about the Moors in Europe: They ruled Spain and Portugal 754 years before the fall of the Mali Empire. 1. The Moors brought a wide variety of new fruits and vegetables to Europe. The Moors brought many new fruits and vegetables to Spain and Europe that were considered exotic novelties at the time. These products included pomegranates, peaches, lemons, oranges, saffron, cotton, rice, silk, sugar cane, and a variety of other fruits and vegetables. Even though they are commonplace today, the Spanish at the time considered these objects to be almost alien. Several centuries later, they are still important components of Spanish food and production. 2. The Moors Developed Far More Rapidly Than Medieval Europe The Arabs had an advanced civilization known for its architecture, science, mathematics, and exploration when they conquered the Iberian Peninsula. When the Moors arrived in Spain, they brought with them architectural innovations that astounded European stonemasons. The Alhambra, a fortress and palace complex in Granada, Spain, is one of the most stunning examples of Moorish architecture. Its construction started in 1238, and its grandeur and beauty far outstripped those of any comparable palace. It is still one of the palaces of the Islamic world that has been preserved the best today. 3. Chess Became Popular Across Europe Because of the Moors Chess has been played for more than 1,500 years, but the Moors brought the game in its present form to Europe. The Moors brought chess to Spain after it had spread from India to the Arabic world. It spread through Europe's courts and society very quickly after it gained popularity. Chess was a well-liked game of strategy and endurance in medieval Spain. Chess was first mentioned in writing in Spain in the Catalan Testament in 1010 AD. 4. The Moors Took Their Hygiene Very Seriously. A Moor, according to a catchphrase, "would rather go without bread than without soap." The Moors were known for their love of cleanliness. Due to their customs and the demands of their religion, the Moors valued cleanliness and often bathed; in the Moorish town of Cordoba, there were about 900 public baths. This made it possible to maintain proper hygiene at a time when plumbing and running water were still uncommon. Some sources also assert that the Moors introduced some kind of soap to Europe, ushering in a new era of hygiene. 5. The Moors Placed a High Value on Education The Moors placed a high value on education and made sure that everyone in their realm had access to it. This was in stark contrast to medieval Europe, where education was only available to the richest nobles and clergy and where 90% of the populace was still illiterate. In fact, there have even been instances of European Kings who are illiterate. The Moors founded 17 prestigious universities in Spain, including ones in Cordoba, Malaga, Granada, Seville, Toledo, and Almeria. 6. Many Moorish Words Are Still Used Today in Spanish and English The Moors introduced new ideas and words to Europe after they arrived, and these quickly assimilated into the common language. Up to 4,000 words in the Spanish language have Arabic roots, including algebra, checkmate, and influenza. Cipher, alcohol, chemistry, typhoon, orange, alkaline, cable, and nadir are additional examples. 7. The Moors Were Very Resourceful The old Roman irrigation systems that the Moors discovered in Iberia had great potential, so they quickly adopted, improved, and revived them. This increased agricultural productivity and boosted the economy. Additionally, they were able to grow new crops they had brought, including figs, dates, apricots, lemons, and oranges. Thanks to the Moors' creative irrigation methods, Spain quickly rose to become one of Europe's top producers of crops. 8. The Moors brought significant Changes to Spanish Cuisine For Europeans, spices were an uncommon commodity, and their cuisine was frequently regarded as bland. By bringing over hundreds of unusual spices, fresh recipes, and cutting-edge cooking techniques, the Moors altered that. We still eat a variety of wonderful dishes as a result of this culinary revolution. The spice markets of the Moors were renowned for their variety and provided options for chefs of all types. These medieval markets must have had the most amazing sights and smells. Source: Solution Reporters #solutionreporters #moors #spain #portugal #europe #arab #Mali

Eid Al-Adha Prayer at Education City Stadium. #Qatar #EidAlAdhaPrayer #EidAlAdha #EducationCity #EducationCityStadium #QatarDay

A Turkish artificial intelligence robot — developed entirely by Turkish entrepreneurs using domestic resources — has been released on the market. TurcoAI is one of the first Turkish projects in the billion-dollar artificial intelligence sector. The significance of the robot lies in its ability to comprehend the emotional algorithms specific to Turkish society, utilise the Turkish language, and offer immersive encounters through written and visual materials. The project's foundation was laid in 2022 in the United States and has been developed and finalised in the past year. The artificial intelligence robot provides significant convenience to businesses and consumers in education, healthcare, law, entertainment and finance. Muhammed Yildiz, the founder of TurcoAI, says the group of Turkish entrepreneurs who built the infrastructure of the robot was inspired by GPT-4. TurcoAI can create and consume content in more than 40 languages. Housewives can inform TurcoAI about the ingredients available in their homes and ask it to create a recipe. It can generate travel plans for individuals interested in visiting a destination, aid teachers in creating lecture plans and assist students with their assignments. Authors, bloggers, journalists and other content creators can use TurcoAI to edit, proofread or enhance their text. In the healthcare sector, it facilitates the understanding and dissemination of health information. Its artificial intelligence simplifies tasks that can typically consume hours, which empowers companies to save significant time and costs up to tenfold.