️Kurtuba Camii/Katedrali, İspanya’nın Cordoba kentinde bir yapı. İspanyolcada ,(mescit)Mezquita adıyla bilinir. 600’lerde kilise olarak inşa edilmiş, 786-1146’da eklemelerle cami olarak kullanılmış, tekrar kilise olarak günümüze gelmiştir.
️Endülüs Emevileri başkenti Kurtuba’da 600 cami vardır. Bu camilerin en ihtişamlısı Kurtuba Camii’dir. Vadil-Kebir nehri kenarındaki caminin temelini 786’da I. Abdurrahman atmıştır.
️Cordoba merkez, Roma, Arap ve Hıristiyan tarihinin zengin anıtlarına sahiptir.
Minare kenarları 8,48 m’dir. Kubbe sisteminde üst üste binen kemerlerde kırmızı beyaz mermer kullanılmıştır. Cami içinde 1293 sütun vardır Bu cami bugün Cordoba Katedrali’dir.
I. Abdurrahman tarafından 785’de inşasına başlanan caminin büyüklüğü 75 m. eninde 100 m. boyundaydı. Diğer hükümdarların eklemeleriyle , 833’de mabet 175 m. uzunlukta, 134 m. genişlikte muazzam bir yapıya dönüştü. ️Caminin çevresinde 12,20 m. yükseklikte duvar vardır.
En güzel oymalı mermer mihraba sahiptir. Duvarlardaki kufî yazılar lacivert zemine altınla yazılmıştır. Mimber fildişi ve değerli taşlardan altın çivilerle yapılmıştır.
850 adet granit ve çeşitli taşlardan sütunlarıyla ; dünyada en fazla sütuna sahip mabettir.
Kemerleri iki katlı tek cami burasıdır.
️Kurtuba Camii, 1236’da katedrale çevrilmiştir. 1523’te çeşitli ilaveler yapılmıştır.
1984’de UNESCO DÜNYA MİRASI ilan edildi.
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#europe #españa #cordoba #travel #adventure #wanderlust #vacation #travelgram #holidays #architecturephotography #andalusia #andalucia #mezquita #monumentoshistoricos #cultura #visitespaña #mezquitadecordoba #travellover

"Did you know that Abbas Ibn Firnas, a remarkable polymath from Andalusia, took a daring leap into history in the 9th century? He's credited with making one of the earliest attempts at flight using a rudimentary glider! Abbas Ibn Firnas showed that the human spirit of exploration knows no bounds. #AviationHistory #Innovation #FlightPioneer"

When you think of European culture, one of the first things that may come to your mind is the renaissance. Many of the roots of European culture can be traced back to that glorious time of art, science, commerce and architecture. But did you know that long before the renaissance there was a place of humanistic beauty in Muslim Spain? Not only was it artistic, scientific and commercial, but it also exhibited incredible tolerance, imagination and poetry. Muslims, as the Spaniards call the Muslims, populated Spain for nearly 800 years. As you’ll see, it was their civilization that enlightened Europe and brought it out of the dark ages to usher in the renaissance. Muslims entered Europe from the South Led by Tariq bin Zeyad. Abd al-Rahman I, a survivor of a family of caliphs of the Muslim empire, reached Spain in the mid-700’s. He became the first Caliph of Al-Andalus, the Muslim part of Spain, which occupied most of the Iberian Peninsula. He also set up the Umayyad Dynasty that ruled Al-Andalus for over three-hundred years. (Grolier, History of Spain). Al Andalus means, “the land of the vandals,” from which comes the modern name Andalusia.
At first, the land resembled the rest of Europe in all its squalor. But within two-hundred years the Muslims had turned Al-Andalus into a bastion of culture, commerce and beauty.
“Irrigation systems imported from Syria and Muslimia turned the dry plains... into an agricultural cornucopia. Olives and wheat had always grown there. The Muslims added pomegranates, oranges, lemons, aubergines, artichokes, cumin, coriander, bananas, almonds, pams, henna, woad, madder, saffron, sugar-cane, cotton, rice, figs, grapes, peaches, apricots and rice.” (Burke, 1985, p. 37)
By the beginning of the ninth century, Muslim Spain was the gem of Europe with its capital city, Cordova. With the establishment of Abd al-Rahman III - “the great caliphate of Cordova” - came the golden age of Al-Andalus. Cordova, in southern Spain, was the intellectual center of Europe. At a time when London was a tiny mud-hut village that “could not boast of a single streetlamp” (Digest, 1973, p. 622), in Cordova…
“…there were half a million inhabitants, living in 113,000 houses. There were 700 mosques and 300 public baths spread throughout the city and its twenty-one suburbs. The streets were paved and lit.” (Burke, 1985, p. 38)
“The houses had marble balconies for summer and hot-air ducts under the mosaic floors for the winter. They were adorned with gardens with artificial fountains and orchards”. (Digest, 1973, p. 622) “Paper, a material still unknown to the west, was everywhere. There were bookshops and more than seventy libraries.” (Burke, 1985, p. 38). during these years major works of the architecture of al-Andalus were built and enlarged, such as the palatine city of Madinat al-Zahra as an example And the Cordoba Mosque, we will talk about it in the next article in shaa Allah.

Müslüman Fas'ın başarısını Dünya hazmedemiyor.

Ama Fas yapacağını yapıyor...

Fas kalecisi röportaj için dünya televizyonlarının karşısına geçti ve çok iyi derecede Ispanyolca İtalyanca ve İngilizce bilmesine rağmen;
"- Ben sadece Arapça konuşacağım bu gece" dedi.

Bunun üzerine;
"- Arapça tercümanımız yok" dediler.
O da şu cevabı verdi.
"- Bu benim sorunum değil sizin sorununuz, gelene kadar beklerim" dedi ve bulup getirdiler.


Önce dedelerini Endülüsten atan İspanya'nın fişini çektiler, yıllarca Amerika'dan önce en büyük sömürgeci olan Portekiz'in işini bitirdiler. Şimdi ellerine kendilerini ve tüm Afrika'yı acımasızca sömüren Fransızların biletini kesme fırsatı doğdu. İnşallah bunu da başaracaklar. Zira şu ana kadar tek bir gol yediler ve turnuvanın en iyi defansına sahipler.

Bu Yiğit Fas milli takım kalecisi, adı Yasin Bono, Sevilla'nın yani Endülüs'ün başkenti Işbilya'nın kalecisi...

Allah yardımcıları olsun.

The world cannot digest the success of Muslim Morocco.

But Morocco is doing its thing...

The Moroccan goalkeeper went in front of world television for an interview and although he knows Spanish, Italian and English very well;
"Tonight I will only speak Arabic," he said.

Upon this;
They said, "We don't have an Arabic translator."
He also gave this answer.
He said, "- This is not my problem, it's your problem, I'll wait until it comes," and they found it and brought it.


First, they pulled the plug on Spain, which threw its grandparents out of Andalusia, and finished off Portugal, who for years was the greatest colonizer before America. Now they have the opportunity to cut the ticket for the French, who are ruthlessly exploiting themselves and all of Africa. Hopefully they will do that too. Because they have conceded only one goal so far and they have the best defense of the tournament.

This valiant Morocco national team goalkeeper, his name is Yasin Bono, is the goalkeeper of Sevilla, the capital of Andalusia, Isbilya...

I hope the God helps them.
Ahmet Kacamer

Bence, Dünya Kupası'nın en güzel karesi

Sabah ezanını duymamak için kulak tıkacı takan İspanyolları, şükür secdesiyle ülkelerine postalayan Fas'ın gol sevinci

Endülüs'ün çocuklarına helal olsun.
#Morocco

In my opinion, the most beautiful frame of the World Cup

The joy of the goal of Morocco, who sent the Spaniards wearing earplugs to their countries with a prostration of gratitude

Good luck to the children of Andalusia.
#Morocco

The 9th century polymath and engineer dared to make heavier-than-air machine flight a thousand years before motorised aeroplanes were invented.
The Wright brothers may have invented the first motorised aircraft, but the 9th century engineer Abbas Ibn Firnas is considered to be the first human to fly with the help of a pair of wings built by silk, wood and real feathers.

According to historians, when Ibn Firnas was between the age of 65 and 70, he jumped off a cliff from Yemen's Jabal Al-Arus mountain and glided in the air, staying in flight for at least '10 minutes’. The short flight left him both injured and disappointed. He realised that because he had neglected the mechanics of landing, he couldn't balance his flight in the air and ended up crash landing.

Ibn Firnas lived for another 12 years. He realised that slow landing is achieved via the collaborative work between tail and wings, a conclusion he reached after decades of studies of bird flight and their landings. It is Firnas who could successfully claim to be behind the theory that went on to create the ornithopter, an aircraft that mimics birds and flies by flapping its wings. His flying machine diagrams went on to become the cornerstones of aviation engineering in the late 20th century.

Flying had been the dream of human beings for several centuries before it was finally accomplished. History is full of myths and fables featuring humans with wings doing extraordinary things in the sky. In Greek Mythology, Icarus is believed to have flown so close to the sun despite his father's advice, that his waxed feathers melted, leading to his crash landing and subsequent drowning in the sea.

When it comes to the practicality of flying, the first experiment where an object ‘flew’ in the air, was in fact carried out by two Chinese philosophers, Mozi and Lu Ban, who are also said to be the inventors behind the kite. As a result of their pioneering ways in the 5th Century, they were able to gather military intelligence from rival kingdoms.

That said, Ibn Firnas is still considered to be at the forefront of his field given that he was the first aviator to fly with a heavier-than-air machine.

Born in the 9th century in Izn-Rand-Onda Al Andalus, which is present-day Ronda, Spain, he spent most of his adult life in the Emirate of Cordoba, one of the major learning hubs during the Umayyad Caliphate.

Some historical accounts suggest al Firnas was influenced by Armen Firman, who was neither a scientist nor polymath but an astute observer of nature. It was Firman who first built wings made of wooden planks wrapped in silk and bird feathers. In the early 850s, Firman climbed to the top of the tallest mosque minaret in Qurtuba and jumped off wearing the wings. Although his attempt quickly failed and he plummeted to earth, the flying machine inflated just in time and slowed his descent. He was lucky enough not to break any bones in the fall; the delay of his landing proved somewhat life-saving.

Ibn Firnas watched Firman's adventure as he stood among the gathered, fascinated crowds who were all watching the skies above in amazement. Impressed with Firman's result, Ibn Firnas began to realise that the act of flying in the air needed further investigation.

He studied flight patterns of different birds and objects for twenty-three years. He then constructed his flying machine and jumped off Jabal al Arus in Yemen despite his advanced years.

Several centuries later, an Ottoman Turk Ahmed Celebi successfully flew and landed across the Bosphorus in 1630.

Other inventions

Ibn Firnas’ keen interest in science and technology led him to invent water-powered clocks. He also experimented with sand and quartz crystals in order to understand the nature of these properties. Many historians credit him for making transparent glass these materials. He allegedly was also the pioneer behind the famous Andalusian glasses, which are still in demand and use today. The visually-challenged benefited from him, too, as he is credited with making lenses which helped with reading.

Ibn Firnas is of Berber descent. His name's root is Afernas, which is now a common and widespread name heard in both Morocco and Algeria today.

Several airports, bridges, hills, parks, avenues and scientific bodies have been named after him, especially in Muslim majority countries. A statue of him exists near Baghdad Airport and the bridge over the Guadalquivir river in Cordoba, Spain, is also named after him.

He died sometime between 890 and 895 AD and many historians say his death may have been hastened by his injury.